ETCHING
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detail
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-hard wax ground is laid on copper or zinc plate
-image is drawn with fine stylus into ground
-plate is then placed in bath of ferric chloride for a specific time to etch
grooves
-ink is rubbed in and carefully wiped to reveal image
-image is transferred to damp paper under high pressure from etching press
-characteristics: fairly dependable; larger edition possible
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DRYPOINT
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detail
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-image is drawn directly into copper using very sharp steel stylus
-ink is carefully applied and wiped to reveal image
-less pressure applied to print to paper
-characteristics: temperamental, difficult process; only small editions
possible; exquisite delicate and velvety print, much sought after; can be used
to augment bitten line etching
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MEZZOTINT
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detail
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-plate is covered with a matrix of thousands of drypoint burrs with a stylus or
specially shaped rocker
-image is created using scrapers and burnishers
-plate is inked and wiped
-image is transferred to damp paper under high pressure from etching press
-characteristics: lengthy elaborate process; good for tonal image; deep rich
blacks; only small editions possible
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MONOTYPE
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detail
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-printing ink applied directly and spontaneously to blank copper plate with
brush, fingers or cloth
-less pressure applied to print to paper
-characteristics: single image; versatile and expressive
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Note: It is possible to use any of these processes to augment or modify each
other, for example:
-etching with drypoint
-drypoint with etching
-etching with mezzotint
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